Pupil mobility, attainment and progress in secondary school

This paper is the second of two articles arising from a study of the association between pupil mobility and attainment in national tests and examinations in an inner London borough. The first article (Strand & Demie, 2006) examined the association of pupil mobility with attainment and progress during primary school. It concluded that pupil mobility had little impact on performance in national tests at age 11, once pupils’ prior attainment at age 7 and other pupil background factors such as age, sex, special educational needs, stage of fluency in English and socio-economic disadvantage were taken into account. The present article reports the results for secondary schools (age 11-16). The results indicate that pupil mobility continues to have a significant negative association with performance in public examinations at age 16, even after including statistical controls for prior attainment at age 11 and other pupil background factors. Possible reasons for the contrasting results across school phases are explored. The implications for policy and further research are discussed

Two ideals connected with strong right upper porosity at a point

Let $SP$ be the set of upper strongly porous at $0$ subsets of $\mathbb R^{+}$ and let $\hat I(SP)$ be the intersection of maximal ideals $I \subseteq SP$. Some characteristic properties of sets $E\in\hat I(SP)$ are obtained. It is shown that the ideal generated by the so-called completely strongly porous at $0$ subsets of $\mathbb R^{+}$ is a proper subideal of $\hat I(SP).$Comment: 18 page

Coordinated Translocation of Mammalian Gli Proteins and Suppressor of Fused to the Primary Cilium

Intracellular transduction of Hedgehog (Hh) signals in mammals requires functional primary cilia. The Hh signaling effectors, the Gli family of transcription factors, and their negative regulator, Suppressor of Fused (Sufu), accumulate at the tips of cilia; however, the molecular mechanism regulating this localization remains elusive. In the current study, we show that the ciliary localization of mammalian Gli proteins depends on both their N-terminal domains and a central region lying C-terminal to the zinc-finger DNA-binding domains. Invertebrate Gli homologs Ci and Tra1, when over-expressed in ciliated mouse fibroblasts, fail to localize to the cilia, suggesting the lack of a vertebrate-specific structural feature required for ciliary localization. We further show that activation of protein kinase A (PKA) efficiently inhibits ciliary localization of Gli2 and Gli3, but only moderately affects the ciliary localization of Gli1. Interestingly, variants of Gli2 mimicking the phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated states of Gli2 are both localized to the cilia, and their ciliary localizations are subjected to the inhibitory effect of PKA activation, suggesting a likely indirect mechanism underlying the roles of PKA in Gli ciliary localization. Finally, we show that ciliary localization of Sufu is dependent on ciliary-localized Gli proteins, and is inhibited by PKA activation, suggesting a coordinated mechanism for the ciliary translocation of Sufu and Gli proteins

SYMMETRICALLY APPROXIMATELY CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS, CONSISTENT DENSITY THEOREMS, AND FUBINI TYPE INEQUALITIES

Abstract. Using the continuum hypothesis, Sierpiński constructed a nonmeasurable function f such that {h: f(x + h) � = f(x − h)} is countable for every x. Clearly, such a function is symmetrically approximately continuous everywhere. Here we to show that Sierpiński’s example cannot be constructed in ZFC. Moreover, we show it is consistent with ZFC that if a function is symmetrically approximately continuous almost everywhere, then it is measurable. 1